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space station freedom

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the next step in our continuing effort

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to explore beyond earth's boundaries

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as we establish a permanent presence in

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space

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new medical challenges will have to be

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met

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with longer missions

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larger cruise

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and the complexities of a medical rescue

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the health of freedom's international

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crew will be essential for the success

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the crew health care system

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or checks is currently being designed

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and developed primarily at nasa's

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distributed throughout the space station

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this system will provide the total

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spectrum of crew health healthcare with

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three distinct but interconnected

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the exercise countermeasures facility

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the environmental health system

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following is a description of the health

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the hmf will provide necessary in-flight

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medical care including prevention

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diagnosis

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treatment

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and care during transport if the patient

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must be evacuated

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in building the hmf current off the

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shelf equipment will be used as much as

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possible

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however existing technology must be

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adapted in order to operate in

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microgravity

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and conform to space station weight and

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the

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kc-135 provides a testing environment

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for equipment and procedures to be used

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using a parabolic flight path the kc-135

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can simulate weightlessness for a few

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here a prototype of the patient

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this piece of equipment must be both

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flexible and portable

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on space station it will be used as a

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stretcher

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a treatment area

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a dental chair

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the health maintenance facility has been

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divided into flight subsystems as well

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as ground support

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these subsystems are similar to the

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medical services found in a large

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for example the hmf will be designed to

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provide emergency medical care for

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medical life support with patient

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respiratory support

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intravenous or iv fluid and nutritional

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a variety of physicians instruments

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imaging for diagnostics and therapeutic

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a clinical laboratory to provide tests

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and analysis in areas such as

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a pharmacy containing necessary

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medications and a computerized inventory

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control system

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and a hyperbaric facility for treatment

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although each of these capabilities will

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be needed on space station freedom

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it isn't feasible to launch a large

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hospital facility into orbit

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as a result the entire health

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maintenance facility must be designed to

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in a hospital a large staff of highly

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trained professionals provides health

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care services

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the space station will not have those

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resources

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because of limited medical personnel the

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hmf equipment will be user friendly and

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in order to provide maximum flexibility

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the hmf will have a modular design

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each piece of equipment will be

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self-contained and will be held in

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unlike a hospital with its mounds of

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forms and stacks of paper

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the hmf will use freedom's computer

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resources to integrate all the

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dr james logan of nasa headquarters

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explains this innovative approach

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one of the things that we're developing

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at johnson space center is a concept

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known as the medical information bus or

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mib

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devices on the health maintenance

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facility to not only interact with each

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other but also interact with the hmf

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computer

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additional things that would be housed

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in the health maintenance facility

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computer would be things like diagnostic

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and treatment protocols or inventory

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management for the hmf

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if there was an illness on board the

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space station after the crew medical

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officer did a diagnostic physical exam

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he would enter the results of that

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physical exam on a keyboard which would

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put those results in an electronic

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medical record

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however all the laboratory data and the

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radiographic data and the

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electrophysiologic data such as an

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electrocardiogram would automatically be

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entered into an electronic medical

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record this is the mission control

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center in houston texas this is the

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nerve center for the entire mission the

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flight director and all the flight

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controllers stay in this room throughout

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the duration of the mission

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this is also where the mission surgeon

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sits

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after the crew medical officer on the

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space station gathers all the medical

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data and the data is

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collated by the medical information bus

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that information is down linked to the

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earth and reconstructed at this console

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here in mission control

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when the information is reconstructed

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the mission surgeon has to make several

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key decisions

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the first decision here she would have

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to make is whether or not to activate a

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group of consultants which would be

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other physicians and surgeons located

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all across the country

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to have them actually look at the data

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with him or her

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the next decision that the doctor would

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have to make is whether or not the

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medical condition can be treated

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definitively at the hmf onboard the

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space station or whether a rescue needs

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to be even considered

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it becomes obvious then when you

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consider the mission and the cost of

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medical rescue that one of the prime

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goals of having a health maintenance

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facility on board the space station is

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to be able to treat as many medical

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conditions as possible in flight without

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on previous space flights there was

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nothing comparable to the hmf

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during those missions the need for

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in-flight health care was not as great

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as part of the crew healthcare system

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the health maintenance facility will

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provide a necessary tool in maintaining

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the crew's health as we begin to live